ICT Chapter 3

1. What is Unicode?

Answer: Unicode is a universal character encoding system designed to represent text for all writing systems around the world using unique numeric codes.

2. What is an alphanumeric code?

Answer: An alphanumeric code represents letters, digits, and special characters using binary combinations for use in digital systems.

3. What is code?

Answer: A code is a system of binary representation where numbers, letters, or symbols are assigned unique combinations of 0s and 1s for processing in computers.

4. What is ASCII?

Answer: ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a 7 or 8-bit code used to represent English characters, numbers, and control symbols.

5. What is BCD (Binary Coded Decimal)?

Answer: BCD is a 4-bit code used to represent each decimal digit (0–9) individually in binary form.

6. What are the components of a number system?

Answer: The main components of a number system are:

• Base/Radix

• Digits used

• Place value

• Position of digits

7. What is Binary?

Answer: Binary is a base-2 number system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1. It’s the fundamental language of computers.

8. What is the full form of ASCII?

Answer: The full form of ASCII is American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

9. What is the full form of BCD?

Answer: BCD stands for Binary Coded Decimal.

10. What is a register?

Answer: A register is a small, high-speed storage location inside the CPU used to store and transfer data and instructions temporarily.

11. What is a counter?

Answer: A counter is a sequential circuit that counts pulses and represents them in binary. It’s used in digital clocks, timers, etc.

12. What is an assembler?

Answer: An assembler is a program that converts assembly language into machine language (binary code) for the computer to execute.

13. What is the base of a number system?

Answer: The base (radix) of a number system is the total number of unique digits it uses. For example, base-2 uses 0 and 1, base-10 uses 0–9.

14. What is positional number system?

Answer: A positional number system is one in which the value of a digit depends on its position and the base of the system. Example: decimal, binary.

15. What is non-positional number system?

Answer: A non-positional number system assigns fixed values to symbols regardless of their position. Example: Roman numerals.

16. What is decimal?

Answer: Decimal is a base-10 number system that uses digits 0–9. It is the standard numbering system used in daily life.

17. What is a number system?

Answer: A number system is a way of expressing numbers using a set of symbols and rules. Common systems include binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal.

18. What is Radix Point?

Answer: The Radix Point separates the whole part from the fractional part in a number. In decimal, it’s called the decimal point.

19. Who created the 2’s complement method?

Answer: The 2’s complement method was developed as part of binary arithmetic to simplify subtraction and represent negative numbers in computers.

20. What is an encoder?

Answer: An encoder is a digital circuit that converts input data from 2ⁿ inputs into n output lines, representing binary codes.

21. What is an adder?

Answer: An adder is a digital circuit used for performing binary addition. Types include half adder and full adder.

22. What is a decoder?

Answer: A decoder converts binary inputs into a specific output line. It is used to activate a single output line among many.

23. What is computer code?

Answer: Computer code refers to the set of instructions written in a programming language or binary that a computer can understand and execute.

24. What is parity bit?

Answer: A parity bit is a bit added to a string of binary code to ensure that the total number of 1s is even (even parity) or odd (odd parity) for error detection.

25. What is a universal gate?

Answer: A universal gate is a logic gate from which all other logic gates can be constructed. Examples: NAND and NOR gates.

26. What is a carry bit?

Answer: A carry bit is the overflow bit generated during binary addition when the sum exceeds the maximum value of a single bit (1).

27. What is logic gate?

Answer: A logic gate is an electronic component that performs basic logical operations like AND, OR, and NOT on binary inputs.

28. What is Boolean algebra?

Answer: Boolean algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with binary variables and logical operations like AND, OR, and NOT.

29. What is the base of a number system?

Answer: The base indicates how many digits are used in a number system. For example, base-2 has digits 0 and 1.

30. What is a flip-flop?

Answer: A flip-flop is a digital memory circuit that stores one bit of data and changes state based on input signals. It’s a building block of registers and counters.